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Microstrip Calculator – FR4 Substrate

Calculate microstrip characteristic impedance Z₀, trace width W, effective permittivity εe, and quarter-wave length for FR4 PCB substrate. Interactive calculator with formula reference.

Interactive Microstrip Calculator (FR4)

Microstrip Z₀ & Width Calculator

Characteristic Impedance Z₀
Effective Permittivity εe
Phase Velocity (× c)
Guided Wavelength λg
Quarter-wave length λ/4
Half-wave length λ/2

50 Ω FR4 Trace Width Reference (H = 0.5, 0.8, 1.0, 1.6 mm)

Substrate HW for 50 Ωεeλg at 2.4 GHzλ/4 at 2.4 GHz
0.5 mm0.92 mm3.4067.9 mm17.0 mm
0.8 mm1.47 mm3.4167.8 mm16.9 mm
1.0 mm1.84 mm3.4267.7 mm16.9 mm
1.6 mm2.95 mm3.4367.6 mm16.9 mm
2.4 mm4.42 mm3.4367.6 mm16.9 mm

FR4 Properties and Limitations

PropertyValueNote
Relative permittivity εr4.2–4.8 (4.5 typical)Varies with manufacturer, frequency
Loss tangent tan δ0.018–0.025Increases with frequency
Dielectric loss at 2.4 GHz~1.0 dB/100mmSignificant for long traces
Dielectric loss at 5 GHz~2.5 dB/100mmConsider Rogers above 5 GHz
Temperature coefficient of εr~+150 ppm/°CShifts resonant frequency with temp
Maximum recommended freq3–5 GHzBeyond this, use low-loss substrate

Design Guidelines for FR4 RF Traces

  • Use 50 Ω traces throughout — avoid impedance steps that cause reflections
  • Keep 50 Ω traces as short as possible to minimize FR4 dielectric loss
  • Ground plane must be solid (no cuts) directly beneath RF traces
  • Avoid vias in the signal path at frequencies above 1 GHz (via inductance ~1 nH/mm)
  • FR4 εr tolerance is ±10% lot-to-lot — design with margin or use controlled-impedance PCB service
RF View Microstrip Calculator: RF View's built-in Microstrip Calculator supports FR4, Rogers RO4003C, RO4350B, RT/Duroid 5880, and custom substrates. Results feed directly into the Auto Matching synthesizer. Available offline in the Utilities tab of the free Android app.

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