RF Glossary

Dynamic Range in RF Systems

RF dynamic range is the range of signal levels a system can handle. Types: Spurious-Free DR (SFDR), Linear DR, and instantaneous DR. Formula, typical values, and LNA vs PA impact.

Types of RF Dynamic Range

TypeDefinitionTypical System Value
Linear DRP1dB − MDS (Minimum Detectable Signal)70–90 dB
SFDR (Spurious-Free)Range where IM3 < noise floor60–80 dB
Instantaneous DRLargest/smallest detectable signal simultaneously50–70 dB

SFDR Formula

  SFDR = (2/3) · (IIP3 − Noise_Floor)    [referenced to input]

  where Noise_Floor (dBm) = −174 + NF + 10·log₁₀(BW)

  Example: IIP3=−5 dBm, NF=5 dB, BW=10 MHz:
  Noise_Floor = −174 + 5 + 70 = −99 dBm
  SFDR = (2/3) · (−5 − (−99)) = (2/3) · 94 = 62.7 dB

  This means: you can receive two signals with 62.7 dB difference
  before IM3 of the stronger signal masks the weaker signal.

1 dB Compression Dynamic Range

  DR_1dB = P1dB − MDS

  P1dB (input): typically −10 to 0 dBm for LNA
  MDS = Noise_Floor = −174 + NF + 10·log₁₀(BW)
  At 10 MHz BW, NF=5 dB: MDS = −99 dBm

  DR_1dB = (−10) − (−99) = 89 dB

  This means: LNA handles signals from −99 dBm to −10 dBm
  before compression causes gain saturation.
RF View Dynamic Range Analysis: Analyze LNA gain (S21), NF, and port match from .s2p files. Use the NF Cascade Calculator for system noise floor. Combine with bench P1dB and IIP3 to compute complete dynamic range. Free on Android.

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